Ruboxistaurin (LY333531) is an orally active, selective PKC beta inhibitor (K_i=2 nM). Ruboxistaurin exhibits ATP dependent competitive inhibition of PKC beta I with an IC₅₀ of 4.7 nM. Ruboxistaurin inhibits PKC beta II with an IC₅₀ of 5.9 nM^[1][2].

Ruboxistaurin is a selective and ATP-competitive PKCβ inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 4.7 and 5.9 nM for PKCβI and PKCβII, shows less potent inhibition on PKCη (IC₅₀, 52 nM), PKCα (IC₅₀, 360 nM), PKCγ (IC₅₀, 300 nM), PKCδ (IC₅₀, 250 nM), and has no effect on PKCζ (IC₅₀, >100 μM)^[1]. Ruboxistaurin (10 and 400 nM) dramatically inhibits glucose-induced monocyte adherence to levels that are not different from baseline adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells under NG conditions. Ruboxistaurin (10 and 400 nM) dose not alter the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules or modify endothelial cell growth^[2]. Ruboxistaurin (LY333531; 10 nM) reduces high-glucose (HG)-induced human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) viability, and inhibits the increases in swiprosin-1 in HRGECs incubated with HG^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Ruboxistaurin (1 mg/kg; 8 weeks) markedly reduces GEC apoptosis as well as swiprosin-1 upregulation, and ameliorates renal glomerular injury in the diabetic mice. Ruboxistaurin also potently attenuates the expression of PARP, cleaved-caspase9, cleaved-caspase3, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, in diabetic mice^[3]. Ruboxistaurin (0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mg/kg; p.o.) dramatically reduces the number of leukocytes trapped in the retinal microcirculation of diabetic rats^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

468.55

C₂₈H₂₈N₄O₃

169939-94-0

Solid

Brown to reddish brown

O=C1NC(C(C2=CN(C3=CC=CC=C32)CCO[C@H](CN(C)C)CC4)=C1C5=CN4C6=CC=CC=C56)=O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

• [1]. Jirousek MR, et al. (S)-13-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-10,11,14,15-tetrahydro-4,9:16, 21-dimetheno-1H, 13H-dibenzo[e,k]pyrrolo[3,4-h][1,4,13]oxadiazacyclohexadecene-1,3(2H)-d ione (LY333531) and related analogues: isozyme selective inhibitors of protein kinase C beta. J Med Chem. 1996;39(14):2664-2671.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Ruboxistaurin: LY 333531. Drugs R D. 2007;8(3):193-199.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Kunt T, et al. The beta-specific protein kinase C inhibitor ruboxistaurin (LY333531) suppresses glucose-induced adhesion of human monocytes to endothelial cells in vitro. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2007 Nov;1(6):929-35.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Nonaka A, et al. PKC-beta inhibitor (LY333531) attenuates leukocyte entrapment in retinal microcirculation of diabetic rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Aug;41(9):2702-6.  [Content Brief]