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> Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate [108341-18-0]

Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate [108341-18-0]

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Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate (Synonyms: Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate, Levophed, 69815-49-2)

Catalog No. T1064 Copy Product Info
Purity: 99.57%
Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate is an effective adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist that directly activates α1, α2, and β1 receptors, and is commonly used to induce cardiomyopathy models.

Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate

Copy Product Info
Synonyms Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate, Levophed, 69815-49-2

Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate is an effective adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist that directly activates α1, α2, and β1 receptors, and is commonly used to induce cardiomyopathy models.

Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate
Cas No. 108341-18-0
Other Forms of Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate:

Batch Information
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Purity:99.57%
Appearance:Solid
Color:White
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COA HPLC HNMR

Product Introduction
Bioactivity
Description
Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate is an effective adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist that directly activates α1, α2, and β1 receptors, and is commonly used to induce cardiomyopathy models.
Targets&IC50
β1-adrenoceptor:5.37 μM(EC50)
In vitro
Noradrenaline modulates the gain of evoked activity, especially in sensory areas. Noradrenaline promotes long-term synaptic plasticity, in addition to these data emphasizing its short-term influence. Noradrenaline would signal ‘gross changes in the environment that produce sensory information strongly violating top-down expectations' and would, through an enhancement of ‘bottom-up' information processing at the expense of irrelevant ‘top-down' expectations, favor behavioral adjustment. [1] Noradrenaline modulates drive and energy and exerts a fine regulation of specific processes including learning, memory, sleep, arousal and adaptation. Noradrenaline system is intimately involved in a range of psychological processes which, when disrupted, lead to the expression of classifiable psychiatric disorders. Noradrenaline appears to be involved in a range of psychological processes, including arousal (vigilance), cognition, learning and sleep regulation, and also in regulating response to stressors which might initiate or exacerbate depressive symptomatology. Noradrenaline deficiency in this pathway may reduce concentration, affect working memory and cause psychomotor retardation, resulting in apathy and depression,while an increase in noradrenaline in this pathway is predicted to alleviate poor concentration, apathy and depression. [2] Noradrenaline effects are complex and depending on experimental conditions (ponto-medullary and medullary preparations) and species (rats or mice), exogenous Noradrenaline mainly facilitates or mainly inhibits the neonatal RRG, with a mixture of α1 facilitatory and α2 inhibitory effects. [3]
Disease Modeling Protocol
Sepsis-associated cardiomyopathy model
  • Modeling Mechanism：

    Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate (NE) synergistically induces cardiomyopathy through SIRT3/HO-1 axis-mediated ferroptosis: ① NE alone has no significant cardiotoxicity, but it can exacerbate LPS-induced oxidative stress, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels (4-HNE and MDA are elevated); ② It inhibits SIRT3 activity, relieves its inhibition of p300, promotes HO-1 acetylation and enhances stability, accelerates heme degradation and releases ferrous ions, and triggers iron overload; ③ Iron overload and lipid peroxidation together induce cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, accompanied by myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, ultimately leading to heart failure.

  • Related Products：

    Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate (T1064)

  • Modeling Method：

    Experimental Subject：

    Mice, C57BL/6, 8–12 weeks old, Body weight 25–28 g

    Dosage and Administration Route：

    ① Core modelling (two-hit protocol):
    - First challenge: IntraperitoNorepinephrineal (i.p.) injection of LPS at 5 mg/kg, single dose;
    - Second challenge: SimultaNorepinephrineous LPS administration with subcutaNorepinephrineous implantation of osmotic pump; Norepinephrine at 2 µg/kg/min via continuous infusion for 9 days;
    ② Control treatment:
    - LPS-only group: intraperitoNorepinephrineal injection of 5 mg/kg LPS+osmotic pump infusion of physiological saliNorepinephrine;
    - Norepinephrine-only group: IntraperitoNorepinephrineal injection of physiological saliNorepinephrine+osmotic pump infusion of 2 µg/kg/min Norepinephrine;
    - Blank control: IntraperitoNorepinephrineal injection of saliNorepinephrine+osmotic pump infusion of saliNorepinephrine;
    ③ Intervention validation group (optional):
    - Ferroptosis inhibitor: Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), 2 mg/kg/day, intraperitoNorepinephrineal injection, administered concurrently with modelling;
    - SIRT3 activator: 2-APQC, 30 mg/kg, intraperitoNorepinephrineal injection, administered continuously throughout modelling period

    Dosing Frequency and Duration Model：

    First strike: single-dose administration;
    Secondary challenge: Continuous infusion for 9 days

  • Validation：

    1. Pathological Indicators: - Myocardial Injury: HE staining showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (cross-sectional area increased by more than 250), and Masson staining showed an increased proportion of interstitial fibrosis area (p<0.01); - Ferroplasmosis Characteristics: Transmission electron microscopy showed mitochondrial shrinkage, DHE staining showed increased ROS levels (fluorescence intensity more than 3 times that of the control group), and significantly increased ferrous ion content in tissues (OD value ≥0.4, p<0.001); 2. Molecular Indicators: - Ferroplasmosis Pathway: Western blot showed upregulated expression of HO-1 and 4-HNorepinephrine bitartrate proteins and downregulated expression of SIRT3 (p<0.01); - Myocardial Markers: Serum troponin T (cTnT) and creatiNorepinephrine bitartrate kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels were significantly increased (p<0.001); 3. Functional Indicators: - Cardiac Function: Echocardiography showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF%) decreased to below 60% (control group ≥80%, p<0.01); Survival status: The 9-day survival rate after modeling was more than 30% lower than that of the LPS group aloNorepinephrine bitartrate (p<0.05).

*Precautions：

*References：Ma D,et,al. Norepinephrine exacerbates LPS-induced cardiomyopathy via SIRT3/HO-1 axis-mediated ferroptosis. Crit Care. 2025 Aug 13;29(1):354.

Cell Research
Norepinephrine (NE)is dissolved in DMSO and stored, and then diluted with appropriate media before use[2]. Subcutaneous preadipocytes derived from a 38-year old non-diabetic female donor are immortalized with TERT and HPV E6/E7. For the current studies, a stable diploid clone (referred to as clone B) with consistent differentiation capacity is isolated by ring cloning. Cells are grown in preadipocyte PGM2 media. Once cells are confluent, differentiation is induced by incubation in differentiation media consisting of dexamethasone, IBMX, indomethacin, and additional insulin. Cells are differentiated for 10 days. Prior to treatment, media is replaced with PGM2 media for one day and then switched to serum-free media overnight for treatments. Adipocytes are treated for 6 hours with vehicle, Norepinephrine (NE, 10 μM), CGP (10 nM), or Norepinephrine (NE) and CGP[2].
SynonymsNoradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate, Levophed, 69815-49-2
Chemical Properties
Molecular Weight337.28
FormulaC8H11NO3·C4H6O6·H2O
Cas No.108341-18-0
SmilesO.OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.NCC(O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Relative Density.no data available
Storage & Solubility Information
StoragePowder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature.
Solubility Information
H2O: 31.9 mg/mL (94.58 mM), Sonication is recommended.
DMSO: 125 mg/mL (370.61 mM), Sonication is recommended.
In Vivo Formulation
10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween 80+45% Saline: 2 mg/mL (5.93 mM), Sonication is recommended.
Please add the solvents sequentially, clarifying the solution as much as possible before adding the next one. Dissolve by heating and/or sonication if necessary. Working solution is recommended to be prepared and used immediately. The formulation provided above is for reference purposes only. In vivo formulations may vary and should be modified based on specific experimental conditions.
Solution Preparation Table
H2O/DMSO
1mg5mg10mg50mg
1 mM2.9649 mL14.8245 mL29.6490 mL148.2448 mL
5 mM0.5930 mL2.9649 mL5.9298 mL29.6490 mL
10 mM0.2965 mL1.4824 mL2.9649 mL14.8245 mL
20 mM0.1482 mL0.7412 mL1.4824 mL7.4122 mL
50 mM0.0593 mL0.2965 mL0.5930 mL2.9649 mL
DMSO
1mg5mg10mg50mg
100 mM0.0296 mL0.1482 mL0.2965 mL1.4824 mL
Note : The dilution table applies only to solid products. For liquid products, please calculate the stock solution based on the stated concentration and/or density.