Neurons are pre-treated with 10 μM Dizocilpine (MK801), followed by TNF-α treatment (40 ng/mL, 2 h). MK801 could attenuate TNF-α- induced intracellular calcium accumulation, phosphorylation of CAMK II and calpain-2, calpain activation and cathepsin B release as well as TrkB truncation.
Dizocilpine maleate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Neuroreport. 2017 May 24;28(8):444-450.
[Abstract]
Western blot analysis confirms that MK-801 inhibits the decrease in GDF10 in SNL rats. The relative expression level of GDF10 in the SNL-vehicle group is significantly decreased, but remains unchanged in the SNL-MK-801 group versus sham.
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Description
Dizocilpine maleate (MK-801 maleate) is a potent, selective and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with Kd of 37.2 nM in rat brain membranes.
IC50 & Target
NMDA Receptor
In Vitro
[3H]Dizocilpine maleate binds with NMDA receptor with a Kd of 37.2±2.7 nM in rat cerebral cortical membranes[1].
Dizocilpine maleate causes a progressive, long-lasting blockade of current induced by N-Me-D-Asp[3].
Dizocilpine maleate progressively suppresses of current induced by NMDA. Mg2+ (10 mM) prevents Dizocilpine from blocking the N-Me-D-Asp-induced current, even when Dizocilpine (MK-801) is applied for a long time in the presence of NMDA. Dizocilpine blocks NMDA-activated single-channel activity in outside-out patches[3].
Dizocilpine maleate (< 500 μM) inhibits activation of microglia induced by LPS with increased Cox-2 protein expression in BV-2 cells. Dizocilpine (MK-801; <500 μM) reduces microglial TNF-α output with an EC50 of 400 μM in BV-2 cells[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Dizocilpine maleate Related Antibodies
In Vivo
Dizocilpine maleate can be used in animal modeling to construct models of schizophrenia. Dizocilpine maleate (MK 801 maleate) (1 mg/kg) treatment before each METH injection reduces the extent of DA depletion by 55% in striatal of mice. Dizocilpine (MK 801) (1 mg/kg) also attenuates the effects of METH on microglial activation in striatal of mice[4].
Dizocilpine maleate (0.05, 0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuates subsequent cocaine-primed reinstatement without disruption in rats. Dizocilpine maleate (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to two reactivation sessions in the home cage shows no suppression on subsequent cocaine-primed reinstatement[5].
Dizocilpine maleate (0.03, 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increases the ambulation of mice at 0.3 and 1 mg/kg, but not at 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg[6].Dizocilpine maleate (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibits a half-time of 52.31 min, an AUC of 3185.48 nM·min and a clearance of 34 nM in Sprague-Dawley rats[2].
Induction of Schizophrenia
Background
The specific mechanism of schizophrenia induction is unclear. One hypothesis is that, Dizocilpine maleateleads to dysregulation of glutamatergic system through NMDA inhibition[2].
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Rats: Sprague-Dawley • male • adult with weight of 250-300 g Administration: 0.4 mg/kg • i.p. • single dose.
Modeling Indicators
Behavior: Increased spontaneous activity with obvious anxiety-like behavior, increased motor activity in longer diatance (hyperactivity), reduced time staying in central area (avoidance of central area). Prepulse Inhibition (PPI): Decreased PPI significantly. maze test:Avoided open arm entries in elevated plus maze test and reduced number of novel arm entries in Y maze test.
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
*In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 133.33 mg/mL (395.20 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Ethanol : 25 mg/mL (74.10 mM; Need ultrasonic)
H2O : 7.69 mg/mL (22.79 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
2.9641 mL
14.8205 mL
29.6410 mL
5 mM
0.5928 mL
2.9641 mL
5.9282 mL
10 mM
0.2964 mL
1.4821 mL
2.9641 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.41 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.41 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.19 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (21.9 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 4
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly.
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution.
If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation,
heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: Saline
Solubility: 3.45 mg/mL (10.23 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
+
%
Tween-80
+
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
*In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture)
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
[1]. Wong EH, et al. The anticonvulsant MK-801 is a potent N-Me-D-Asp antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):7104-8.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Vardhan Reddy KH, et al. Convergent Strategy to Dizocilpine MK-801 and Derivatives. J Org Chem. 2018 Apr 6;83(7):4264-4269.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Huettner JE, et al. Block of N-Me-D-Asp-activated current by the anticonvulsant MK-801: selective binding to open channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(4):1307-11.
[Content Brief]
[4]. Thomas DM, et al. MK-801 and dextromethorphan block microglial activation and protect against neurotoxicity. Brain Res. 2005 Jul 19;1050(1-2):190-8.
[Content Brief]
[5]. Brown TE, et al. The NMDA antagonist MK-801 disrupts reconsolidation of a cocaine-associated memory for conditioned place preference but not for self-administration in rats. Learn Mem. 2008 Dec 2;15(12):857-65.
[Content Brief]
[6]. Iijima Y, et al. Modification by MK-801 (dizocilpine), a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist sensitization: evaluation by ambulation in mice. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1996 Feb;16(1):11-8.
[Content Brief]
[7]. Jiang L, et al. Decrease of growth and differentiation factor 10 contributes to neuropathic pain through N-Me-D-Asp receptor activation. Neuroreport. 2017 May 24;28(8):444-450.
[Content Brief]
Animal Administration
[5]
Animals are given saline or Dizocilpine ((+)-MK 801) followed by cocaine 30 min later in the home cage instead of in the CPP apparatus for the two days of “reactivation.” This is done to determine whether reactivation of the memory for the cocaine-associated context by cocaine in the CPP context is necessary for the ability of Dizocilpine ((+)-MK 801) to disrupt reconsolidation. Animals undergo preconditioning, conditioning, testing, and extinction but animals are injected with saline or Dizocilpine ((+)-MK 801) (0.20 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to a cocaine injection (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in the home cage. Animals remain in the home cages, and the next day, the procedure from the first day of reactivation is repeated. The following day, animals are tested for cocaine-primed reinstatement in their CPP box without any prior microinjection of saline or Dizocilpine ((+)-MK 801).
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References
[1]. Wong EH, et al. The anticonvulsant MK-801 is a potent N-Me-D-Asp antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):7104-8.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Vardhan Reddy KH, et al. Convergent Strategy to Dizocilpine MK-801 and Derivatives. J Org Chem. 2018 Apr 6;83(7):4264-4269.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Huettner JE, et al. Block of N-Me-D-Asp-activated current by the anticonvulsant MK-801: selective binding to open channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(4):1307-11.
[Content Brief]
[4]. Thomas DM, et al. MK-801 and dextromethorphan block microglial activation and protect against neurotoxicity. Brain Res. 2005 Jul 19;1050(1-2):190-8.
[Content Brief]
[5]. Brown TE, et al. The NMDA antagonist MK-801 disrupts reconsolidation of a cocaine-associated memory for conditioned place preference but not for self-administration in rats. Learn Mem. 2008 Dec 2;15(12):857-65.
[Content Brief]
[6]. Iijima Y, et al. Modification by MK-801 (dizocilpine), a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist sensitization: evaluation by ambulation in mice. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1996 Feb;16(1):11-8.
[Content Brief]
[7]. Jiang L, et al. Decrease of growth and differentiation factor 10 contributes to neuropathic pain through N-Me-D-Asp receptor activation. Neuroreport. 2017 May 24;28(8):444-450.
[Content Brief]
[1]. Wong EH, et al. The anticonvulsant MK-801 is a potent N-Me-D-Asp antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):7104-8.
[2]. Vardhan Reddy KH, et al. Convergent Strategy to Dizocilpine MK-801 and Derivatives. J Org Chem. 2018 Apr 6;83(7):4264-4269.
[3]. Huettner JE, et al. Block of N-Me-D-Asp-activated current by the anticonvulsant MK-801: selective binding to open channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(4):1307-11.
[4]. Thomas DM, et al. MK-801 and dextromethorphan block microglial activation and protect against neurotoxicity. Brain Res. 2005 Jul 19;1050(1-2):190-8.
[5]. Brown TE, et al. The NMDA antagonist MK-801 disrupts reconsolidation of a cocaine-associated memory for conditioned place preference but not for self-administration in rats. Learn Mem. 2008 Dec 2;15(12):857-65.
[6]. Iijima Y, et al. Modification by MK-801 (dizocilpine), a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist sensitization: evaluation by ambulation in mice. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1996 Feb;16(1):11-8.
[7]. Jiang L, et al. Decrease of growth and differentiation factor 10 contributes to neuropathic pain through N-Me-D-Asp receptor activation. Neuroreport. 2017 May 24;28(8):444-450.
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Optional Solvent
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
25 mg
H2O / Ethanol / DMSO
1 mM
2.9641 mL
14.8205 mL
29.6410 mL
74.1026 mL
5 mM
0.5928 mL
2.9641 mL
5.9282 mL
14.8205 mL
10 mM
0.2964 mL
1.4821 mL
2.9641 mL
7.4103 mL
15 mM
0.1976 mL
0.9880 mL
1.9761 mL
4.9402 mL
20 mM
0.1482 mL
0.7410 mL
1.4821 mL
3.7051 mL
Ethanol / DMSO
25 mM
0.1186 mL
0.5928 mL
1.1856 mL
2.9641 mL
30 mM
0.0988 mL
0.4940 mL
0.9880 mL
2.4701 mL
40 mM
0.0741 mL
0.3705 mL
0.7410 mL
1.8526 mL
50 mM
0.0593 mL
0.2964 mL
0.5928 mL
1.4821 mL
60 mM
0.0494 mL
0.2470 mL
0.4940 mL
1.2350 mL
DMSO
80 mM
0.0371 mL
0.1853 mL
0.3705 mL
0.9263 mL
100 mM
0.0296 mL
0.1482 mL
0.2964 mL
0.7410 mL
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.