Histamine is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}.

Histamine (0.01-10 μM, 72 h) exhibits a bidirectional regulatory effect on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase, induces the formation of lipid droplet, induces differentiation and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231^[4].
Histamine (10 μM, 24 h) increases the generation of ROS, especially H₂O₂, reduces the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as catalase), thereby promoting radiosensitivity in MDA-MB-231^[4].
Histamine (1-100 μM, 12 h) inhibits the migration of microglia and the release of inflammatory mediator IL-1β in LPS (HY-D1056)-stimulated N9 mouse microglial, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Histamine (0.05-100 μg/mouse, icv, single dose) exhibits analgesic effect at high doses of histamine (50-100 μg/mouse), causes hyperalgesia at low doses (0.1-1 μg/mouse) in mouse model^[3].
Histamine dihydrochloride (62.5-2000 μg; Intravaginal injection) can exert a similar effect to estrogen in ovariectomized mice, causing a decrease in intravaginal tetrazolium, an increase in epithelial growth, and keratinization^[6].
Histamine can be used in animal modeling to create gastrointestinal ulcer models^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

111.15

C₅H₉N₃

51-45-6

Solid

White to yellow

NCCC1=CN=CN1

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

-20°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. Okabe S, et al. Effects of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on various experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers. Am J Dig Dis. 1977 Aug;22(8):677-84.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Rietveld S et al. The influence of respiratory sounds on breathlessness in children with asthma: a symptom-perceptionapproach. Health Psychol. 1997 Nov;16(6):547-53.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Malmberg-Aiello P, et al., Role of histamine in rodent antinociception. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;111(4):1269-79.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Medina V, et al., Histamine-mediated signaling processes in human malignant mammary cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006 Nov;5(11):1462-71.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Ferreira R, et al., Histamine modulates microglia function. J Neuroinflammation. 2012 May 8;9:90.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. MARTIN L. The effects of histamine on the vaginal epithelium of the mouse. J Endocrinol. 1962 Jan;23:329-40.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Yang LP, et al. Spotlight on histamine dihydrochloride in acute myeloid leukaemia. Drugs Aging. 2011 Apr 1;28(4):325-9.  [Content Brief]