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Reagents and instruments for immunology, cell biology and molecular biology.

Fluphenazine (dihydrochloride) [146-56-5]

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Cat# HY-A0081-100mg

Size : 100mg

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Brand : MedChemExpress

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Description

Fluphenazine dihydrochloride is a potent, orally active phenothiazine-based dopamine receptor antagonist. Fluphenazine dihydrochloride blocks neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels. Fluphenazine dihydrochloride acts primarily through antagonism of postsynaptic dopamine-2 receptors in mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberoinfundibular neural pathways. Fluphenazine dihydrochloride can antagonize Methylphenidate-induced stereotyped gnawing and inhibit climbing behaviour in mice. Fluphenazine dihydrochloride can be used for researching psychosis and painful peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes and has potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[6].

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	IC₅₀	110 μM Compound: fluphenazine	Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by confocal microscopy Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by confocal microscopy	[PMID: 18788725]
HepG2	IC₅₀	4.4 μM Compound: SYSU-20913S	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00397C
HUVEC	IC₅₀	38.01 μM Compound: Fluphenazine	Antiproliferative activity against human HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth in measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth in measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34435487]
L02	IC₅₀	>160 μM Compound: SYSU-20913S	Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00397C
MCF7	IC₅₀	24.57 μM Compound: Fluphenazine	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34435487]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	16.73 μM Compound: Fluphenazine	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34435487]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	18.56 μM Compound: Fluphenazine	Antiproliferative activity against human drug tolerant MDA-MB-231/lapatinib cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth in measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human drug tolerant MDA-MB-231/lapatinib cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth in measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34435487]
Vero C1008	CC₅₀	20.02 μM Compound: Fluphenazine Dihydrochloride	CC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells CC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells	10.1101/2020.03.25.008482
Vero C1008	CC₅₀	20.02 μM Compound: Fluphenazine Dihydrochloride	CC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells CC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells	10.1101/2020.03.25.008482
Vero C1008	IC₅₀	6.36 μM Compound: Fluphenazine Dihydrochloride	IC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells IC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells	10.1101/2020.03.25.008482
Vero C1008	IC₅₀	8.98 μM Compound: Fluphenazine Dihydrochloride	IC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells IC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells	10.1101/2020.03.25.008482

In Vivo

Fluphenazine (1 mg/kg; IG, treated from day 6 to day 15 of gestation) dihydrochloride causes malformations in pregnant mice^[5].
Fluphenazine (0.125-1 mg/kg; IP, single dosage) dihydrochloride antagonizes Methylphenidate-induced stereotyped gnawing; inhibits significantly climbing behaviour^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

510.44

Formula

C₂₂H₂₈Cl₂F₃N₃OS

CAS No.

146-56-5

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OCCN1CCN(CCCN2C3=C(C=CC=C3)SC4=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C24)CC1.22Cl.22Cl

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

-20°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (195.91 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : ≥ 38 mg/mL (74.45 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	1.9591 mL	9.7955 mL	19.5909 mL
5 mM	0.3918 mL	1.9591 mL	3.9182 mL
10 mM	0.1959 mL	0.9795 mL	1.9591 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.07 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.07 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.07 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (195.91 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.89%

Data Sheet (275 KB) SDS (644 KB)

COA (248 KB) HNMR (302 KB) LCMS (96 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Zhou X, et al. The neuroleptic drug, fluphenazine, blocks neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels. Brain Res. 2006;1106(1):72-81. [Content Brief]

[2]. Nazeam J, et al. Based on Principles and Insights of COVID-19 Epidemiology, Genome Sequencing, and Pathogenesis: Retrospective Analysis of Sinigrin and ProlixinRX (Fluphenazine) Provides Off-Label Drug Candidates. SLAS Discov. 2020 Dec;25(10):1123-1140. [Content Brief]

[3]. Siragusa S, Bistas KG, Saadabadi A. Fluphenazine. 2022 May 8. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. [Content Brief]

[4]. Davis JL, et al. Peripheral diabetic neuropathy treated with amitriptyline and fluphenazine. JAMA. 1977 Nov 21;238(21):2291-2. [Content Brief]

[5]. Abdel-Hamid HA, et al. Teratogenic effect of diphenylhydantoin and/or fluphenazine in mice. J Appl Toxicol. 1996 May-Jun;16(3):221-5. [Content Brief]

[6]. Langwiński R, Niedzielski J. Narcotic analgesics and stereotyped behaviour in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1980 Jul;312(3):225-7. [Content Brief]

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