D-Luciferin Sodium is a specific natural substrate for firefly luciferase that catalyzes the production of characteristic yellow-green light in bioluminescent insects. It serves as a core tool for in vivo imaging, cell-level reporter gene detection, and analysis of luciferase activity in tissues and living organisms. The luciferase (luc) gene is a commonly used reporter gene for research and active molecule screening. Chemiluminescence technology is essentially background-free, making the luc reporter gene an ideal choice for detecting low levels of gene expression. Luciferase activity as low as 0.02 pg can be reliably measured in a standard fluorometer.

I. Solution preparation
1. Preparation of stock solution: Dissolve D-Luciferin sodium in saline or PBS to prepare a stock solution of appropriate concentration, with a common concentration range of 1-10mM.
2. Preparation of working solution: Dilute the D-Luciferin sodium stock solution to the required working solution concentration (generally 100 μM to 1 mM)
II. In vivo and in vitro imaging
Experimental steps:
1. Add to cells or animals: According to experimental requirements, inject or add D-Luciferin sodium into cell culture medium, animal body or target cells. For in vivo imaging of animals, it is usually administered by intraperitoneal injection or intravenous injection.
3. Reaction initiation: After D-Luciferin sodium reacts with luciferase, it produces detectable bioluminescence at a specific wavelength (usually around 550 nm). Use a bioluminescence imaging system (BLI) or a fluorescence detector for real-time monitoring.
4. Image acquisition: Use an imaging system to obtain luminescence signals and analyze image data to obtain bioluminescence information about cells, tissues or organs.
II. Luciferase activity detection:
Experimental steps:
1. Prepare D-Luciferin sodium solution (concentration is generally 100 μM to 1 mM).
b. Take an appropriate amount of cell or animal sample labeled with luciferase.
c. Add D-Luciferin sodium solution to the sample to start the luminescence reaction.
d. Use a bioluminescence detector to record the luminescence signal in real time and perform data analysis.
3. Cell experiment:
Experimental steps:
a. Cultivate cells with luciferase gene.
b. Add an appropriate amount of D-Luciferin sodium solution and incubate until the reaction is complete.
c. Detect the luminescence signal by a fluorescence spectrophotometer or bioluminescence imaging device.

The above information is based on published literature. Experimental procedures should be appropriately modified to meet specific research demands.

DMSO: 16.67 mg/mL (55.14 mM), Sonication is recommended.

H2O: 100.00 mg/mL (330.79 mM), Sonication is recommended.

10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: 1.50 mg/mL (4.96 mM), Sonication is recommended.