SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Nanobody, HRP conjugated

1. Study presents crystal structure of C-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-CTD) spike S protein in complex with human ACE2 (hACE2); hACE2-binding mode similar overall to that observed for SARS-CoV. However, details at the binding interface show that key residue substitutions in SARS-CoV-2-CTD slightly strengthen the interaction and lead to higher affinity for receptor binding than SARS-CoV receptor-binding domain.
2. crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 bound to the cell receptor ACE2
3. crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (engineered to facilitate crystallization) in complex with ACE2
4. Out of the two isolates from India compared to the isolates from Wuhan, China, one was found to harbor a mutation in its receptor-binding domain (RBD) at position 407 where, arginine was replaced by isoleucine. This mutation has been seen to change the secondary structure of the protein at that region and this can potentially alter receptor binding of the virus.
5. Structural modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein show similar receptor utilization between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, despite a relatively low amino acid similarity in the receptor binding module. Compared to SARS-CoV and all other coronaviruses in Betacoronavirus lineage B, an extended structural loop containing basic amino acids were identified at the interface of the receptor binding (S1) and fusion (S2) domains.
6. crystal structure of CR3022, a neutralizing antibody from a SARS patient, in complex with the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to 3.1 A; study provides insight into how SARS-CoV-2 can be targeted by the humoral immune response and revealed a conserved, but cryptic epitope shared between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV
7. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins have comparable binding affinities achieved by balancing energetics and dynamics. The SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 complex contains a higher number of contacts, a larger interface area, and decreased interface residue fluctuations relative to the SARS-CoV-ACE2 complex.
8. Interaction interface between cat/dog/pangolin/Chinese hamster ACE2 and SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 S protein was simulated through homology modeling. Authors identified that N82 of ACE2 showed closer contact with receptor-binding domain of S protein than human ACE2.
9. SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein harbors a furin cleavage site at the boundary between the S1/S2 subunits, which is processed during biogenesis and sets this virus apart from SARS-CoV and SARS-related CoVs; determined cryo-EM structures of the SARS-CoV-2 S ectodomain trimer.
10. Study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.
11. The ACE2-B0AT1 complex exists as a dimer of heterodimers. Structural alignment of the RBD-ACE2-B0AT1 ternary complex with the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that two S protein trimers can simultaneously bind to an ACE2 homodimer.
12. study demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 S protein entry on 293/hACE2 cells is mainly mediated through endocytosis, and PIKfyve, TPC2 and cathepsin L are critical for virus entry; found that SARS-CoV-2 S protein could trigger syncytia in 293/hACE2 cells independent of exogenous protease; there was limited cross-neutralization activity between convalescent sera from SARS and COVID-19 patients
13. study determined a 3.5-angstrom-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the 2019-nCoV S trimer in the prefusion conformation; provided biophysical and structural evidence that the 2019-nCoV S protein binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with higher affinity than does severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV S

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